Tube: how to bend a straight and industrial semifinished product

Tube bending is a process to create curves on thin-walled tubes also. It occurs on folding machines that can be fully automated and make bends in all directions, even with variable radius. This technology includes several variants.

Rotary Draw Bending
When rotary draw bending is applied, the tube is fastened between the bend die and the clamp die. The rotation of both tools around the bending axis bends the tube to the radius of the bend die. The pressure die (slide piece) serves the purpose of receiving the radial stress, which is generated during the forming process, and supports the straight tube end from outside. If a mandrel and wiper die are additionally applied (mandrel bending), a high quality work piece can be achieved even with thin-walled pipes and tight bending radii.

Compression Bending
It is similar to rotary draw bending. This bending method is carried out with a sliding carriage and a stationary bend die, between which the tube is clamped. The sliding carriage, which rotates around the radius block, bends the tube to the radius of the bend die.

Ram Bending (Press Bending)
When ram bending is applied, a radiused bending tool is pressed against two counter-rollers, either manually or by means of hydraulics. This motion forces the tube inserted between the radius block and the counter-rollers to bend around the radius. The tube cannot be supported from within, therefore this method is suitable for thick-walled tubes and large bending radii only.

3-roll Bending
This process is also used for producing work pieces with large bending radii. The method is similar to the ram bending method, but the working cylinder and the two stationary counter-rollers rotate, thus forming the bend

If you want to see a tube bending click here

Would you like to have straight hair?

The straightener is a useful tool of turning the hair from curly to straight

A bit of history

Already in 1860 the women were using iron for ironing clothes for the urchins, before the invention of hair straightening. In 1872, Erica Feldman used heated rods to straighten your hair, while Ian Gutgold used chemicals. In 1906 Isaac K. Shero patented a heater plate with metal teeth that were included in the hair, while in 1909 he patented an ironing plate which consists of two flat irons that were heated and pressed against each other. However, the straighteners as we know them today, are attributed to the Scottish heiress Lady Jennifer Bell Schofield, who refined and combined efforts are needed before a stove with two hot irons, fitted with hinges, in 1912.Years after they were introduced in ceramic and electrical straighteners, which allow you to change settings and heat straightening.

Read more in: http://www.guidaacquisti.net/bellezza/piastra-capelli.html

To see the patent of a recent electric straightener click here

Straight and Curved: measuring and drawing tools

Some useful tools to measure and draw straight and curved line

How to draw a curve?

The compass is the main drawing tool to draw circles and curves in general

Sickle in biblical mythology and in agriculture

The sickle is an agricultural tool with a curved blade,
but it is also the instrument of the Death

The sickle appears as a weapon in the hands of mythical beings,

such as Kronos and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, especially Death.

This stems mainly from the Christian biblical belief which describes death

as "harvester of souls" or "Grim Reaper".

The most widespread in the collective representation of death is personified

as a skeleton who wielding a sickle, sometimes dressed in a black tunic with a cap.

The sickle is an agricoltural tool consisting of a curved steel blade and very short wooden handle, used to harvest grain and cut grass.